Hepatitis is a disease caused by several viruses that attack and cause inflammation and damage to liver cells of humans. Hepatitis categorized in several categories, including hepetitis A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Hepatitis disease in Indonesia are generally more likely to have hepatitis type B and hepatitis C. but here we are at the focus of the article will discuss the disease Hepatitis A, B and C.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis Hepatitis A is a group of mild disease and rarely causes death, virus hepatitis A (VHA = hepatitis A virus) spread through the droppings / faeces of patients who transmitted through food and beverages terkomtaminasi, not through blood or through sexual activity. For example, fish or shellfish from the area of ??water contaminated by human waste of patients.
Hepatitis A has an incubation period of 2 to 6 weeks after infection occurs, then later the patient showed some signs and symptoms of disease Hepatitis A.
Symptoms of Hepatitis A
In the first week, individuals will be plagued with an illness such as jaundice, fatigue, fever, loss of appetite, vomiting, dizziness and urinary solid black. Fever is a fever that occurs continuously, unlike the others, namely fever in dengue fever, tuberculosis, thypus, etc..
Handling and Treatment of Hepatitis A
Patients who show symptoms of hepatitis A as the first week of emergence is called jaundice, fatigue and so on, are expected to not a lot of activity and immediately visit the nearest health care facility for treatment of the symptoms such as paracetamol as a fever-lowering and dizziness, vitamins to increase endurance and appetite as well as drugs that reduce nausea and vomiting.
steps can be taken as a measure of precaution is to wash hands thoroughly, and shots recommended for people who were around the patient.
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is one of the infectious diseases that are categorized as dangerous in the world, disease is caused by Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) that attacks the liver and cause acute or chronic liver inflammation. Such as the Hepatitis C, the disease can become chronic and eventually liver cancer. The process of transmission of Hepatitis B is through the exchange of body fluids or contact with blood from a person infected with Hepatitis B.
The few things that the pattern of transmission include transmission from mother to baby during childbirth, sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, needles, and use of personal hygiene (toothbrush, towels) together. Hepatitis B can affect anyone, but usually for those aged would be more productive at risk for this disease.
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
In particular, the signs and symptoms of acute hepatitis B terserangnya are fever, abdominal pain and yellow (especially in the area of ??the white eye / sclera). But for people with chronic hepatitis B will not likely be visible signs, so that transmission to others becomes more risky.
Handling and Treatment of Hepatitis B
Patients with suspected Hepatitis B, for the exact diagnosis is established there will be blood examination. Once the diagnosis is established as Hepatitis B, then there is a way of treatment for hepatitis B, the treatment of swallowing (oral) and by injection.
Oral medication that is known;
- Provision of drugs from the nucleoside analog Lamivudine, which is known by the name of 3TC. This medicine is used for adults and children, drug use tends to increase liver enzyme (ALT) for the patients will receive ongoing monitoring of the physician.
- Provision of drug adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera). Oral administration would be more effective, but administration with a high dose would adversely affect renal function.
- Provision of drug Baraclude (Entecavir). The drug is administered in patients with chronic hepatitis B, the side effects of this drug are headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea and an increase in liver enzyme. Keoptimalan level and stability of this drug has not been said to be stable.
Treatment with injectable / injection is;
Microsphere injection containing the ß-ray-emitting radioactive particles that would destroy liver cancer cells without harming surrounding healthy tissue. Interferon Alfa Injection (by branch name INTRON A, INFERGEN, Roferon) administered by the scale of provision subcutan 3 times a week for 12-16 weeks or more. Side effects of these drugs is depression, especially in patients that have a history of previous depression. Another effect is a pain in the muscles, causing fatigue and a little fever that this can be eliminated by administering paracetamol.
Preventive measures to avoid the disease is Hepatitis B vaccine, especially in people who are at high risk for this virus, such as those who behave poorly sex (change-change partner / homosexuals), health workers (nurses and doctors) and their vulnerable areas which are many cases of Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The process of transmission through blood contact {transfusions, needles (contaminated), then the patient menggiti insect bites everyone around them}. Hepatitis C sufferers sometimes do not show obvious symptoms, but in patients with chronic Hepatitis C causes damage / death of liver cells and detected as cancer (cancer) heart. Some 85% of cases, hepatitis C infection becomes chronic and slowly damages the liver for years.
Symptoms of Hepatitis C
Hepatitis C sufferers often times people who suffer from Hepatitis C have no symptoms, although infection has occurred for many years. However, some vague symptoms include: Fatigue, Lost appetite, abdominal pain, dark urine and a yellowing of skin or eyes, called “jaundice” (rare). In some cases an increase in liver enzyme can be found on examination of urine, however, in patients with hepatitis C would sometimes even normal liver enzyme fluctuations.
Handling and Treatment of Hepatitis C
Currently the treatment of Hepatitis C is done by the administration of drugs such as interferon alpha, pegylated interferon alpha and Ribavirin. The goal of treatment is to eliminate hepatitis C virus from your body as early as possible to prevent progression and worsening end-stage liver disease. Treatment of Hepatitis C patients require longer periods of time even in this particular patient can not help, it is necessary to handling the first stage.
