Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a protozoan parasite that is a class of Plasmodium, which is transmitted through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito. Protozoan parasites of this species scattered in many tropical regions, for example in America, Asia and Africa.
There are four types of plasmodium parasite that can infect humans, but are often found in cases of malaria is plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. Others are the plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae.
SYMPTOMS
The period of shoot / incubation of this disease can be a few days to several months and then came the signs and symptoms complained of by the patient such as fever, chills, ache or joint pain, sometimes vomiting, pale / anemis, enlarged liver and spleen, urine appears cloudy / thick because they contain hemoglobin (hemoglobinuria), tingling of the skin and having spasms.
However, it was revealed classic signs of a sudden feeling of cold, followed by rigor and then fever and sweating emergence after 4 to 6 hours later. It takes place every two days. Between this period, the patient may feel fine to normal. At the age of the children malaria attacks can cause strange symptoms, for example, shows the movement / abnormal posture as a result of the brain cavity pressure, even more seriously can cause brain damage.
CAUSE
There are several forms of malaria disease manifestations, such as:
- Benign tertian malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, in which patients feel the fever appears every third day.
- Quartana Malaria, caused by Plasmodium malariae, the patient felt a fever every fourth day.
- Cerebral Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the patient has a fever accompanied by symptoms of an irregular terserangnya parts of the brain, coma and even entered a phase of sudden death.
- Pernicious Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, the symptoms may occur very suddenly, like a stroke, coma with severe malaria symptoms.
Diagnosis
With the signs and symptoms complained of by the health care team and look, it will be done laboratory tests (especially blood tests) to ensure that the cause and diagnosis will be given to the patient.
TREATMENT
Based on the examination, either directly from the complaints that arise and more focused on results laboratium then the doctor will give you some medicine to patients. Among them is the administration of drugs such as paracetamol to reduce fever, vitamins to boost immune system in an effort to help the healing.
While the antimalarial drug Chloroquine is usually used, because it is cheap and so far proven to be effective as a cure for malaria in the world. But there are some patients who are resistant to chloroquine administration, some doctors will give artesunate antimalarials such as sulfadoxine / pyrimethamine, artesunate amodiaquine, artesunate piperquine, artemether lumefantrine, and dihidroartemisinin piperquine.
PREVENTION
Prevention of malaria can be done by cleaning nest of Mosquitoes (PSN), trying to avoid mosquito bites, or prevention efforts with drug chloroquine when visiting malaria endemic areas.
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